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Friday, February 22, 2008
Pundits and Pakistan-watchers alike continue to swear that democracy is the long-awaited panacea that will cure all of Pakistan's ills -- be it extremism, lagging social indicators or the crisis in governance. Their memories have proven to be short, having forgotten the 1990's, a period that was marked by corruption, extreme abuses of power and severe economic mismanagement at the hands of democratically elected governments.
Kicked off by the late Benazir Bhutto, "the lost decade" was capped by the then much-welcomed military coup of President Pervez Musharraf. Nine years later, Musharraf's tenure, which saw not only economic stabilization but stellar growth alongside unprecedented media liberalization, appears to be in a crisis at the moment.
With the results of the elections and the military distancing itself from politics, we are presented with a stark comparison between Pakistan's establishment and democratic governments. This raises key questions.
Why is it that military governments, who have been so successful at providing good economic management, fallen each time to popular opposition? Why is it that popular civilian leaders always return to power only to bring the country to the brink each time?
The two key variables here are policy and leadership.
Military-led governments have been successful managers of the country, their reigns typically leading to gains in economy and social indicators, but they fail to provide genuine leadership. Their success in developing the country can be attributed to technocrats they usher in to provide policy expertise in their respective fields. Yet these technocrats are only good at being policy experts, not politicians. Former prime minister Shaukat Aziz is a case-in-point. Despite his corruption-free background and his immense success in reviving Pakistan's economy, Aziz was incapable of winning a single seat in Pakistan's parliament without the patronage of the Chaudhrys of Gujrat.
On the other hand, democratically elected governments have enjoyed popular support and provided leadership while actively mismanaging the country and overseeing declines in economy. Their deficiency was and continues to be sound, consistent policies. Brought to power time and time again on the shoulders of empty rhetoric and patronage, Pakistan's political parties appear to be forever trapped in the inertia of political infighting, maintaining their stranglehold on government becomes their raison d'etre, resulting in very little progress.
Pakistan's democratically elected governments have taught us that democracy alone is not the answer. Democracy with serious, detailed and substantive policy is. There needs to be an infusion of policy expertise and a serious commitment towards enacting policy, bridging the gap that has divided military and democratic regimes. This highlights the major need for consensus among all of Pakistan's ruling elite. Good policy cannot be applied without everyone on board -- that includes political parties and the establishment. Many die-hard democrats cringe at the mention of the latter, but the cold truth is that for the near-to medium-term, the military is the guarantor of the Pakistani state, as it has been for the last 60-plus years.
If Pakistani civil society does not begin to hold its political parties to higher standards, we will continue to witness the re-enactment of history by the same players, at the risk of wearing down an already decrepit stage.
The writer is an Islamabad-based political analyst
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